Scene Strength

Ivy found out about her relationship with Little Charles, which left her very angry and hurt, calling Barbara and Violet "monsters" this shows the hatred she has towards them for keeping the secret away from her, knowing that she is in a relationship with him. However, she says that she will continue to be with him and still go to the place they were planing to go. She continued to ignore Barbara after the countless times she was calling her back. The relationship between the two sisters has broken. Karen and Barbara already had an argument and now with Ivy, this shows how when they are together, they have disagreements but when living away from each other, they get on with their own lives and do not need to take into account of others.

Barbara, then gets back into the house and looks at herself in the mirror, this shows how maybe she is seeing her mother in herself. The way her relationship with her husband and sisters has fallen apart is the same for her mother. Therefore, she is looking to see how she is just becoming like her mother, maybe the negativity her mother has is growing onto her. 

Scene Fish

Jean is shown here as being annoyed and giving evils to her mother, she then closes the window, showing that she does not care about her and wants to pay no attention. Her father is shown as tuning the radio, putting his shades and driving off. Again showing no interest in Barbara, but both ignore her and drive off, making Barbara feel hurt and almost left out.

Scene Parting

Barbara's daughter is shown here as very angry and aggressive, she has been shown quite negative throughout the movie, especially towards her mother. This is further shown when Barbara becomes angry after finding out what was happening between Karen's fiance and her daughter. This resulted in Barbara slapping her daughter out of anger, but after realising that she maybe should not have done that. Their relationship becomes more distant and negative, portraying Barbara and Violet's relationship.

Barbara is shown here aggressive and wanting to attack Karen's fiance due to his behaviour, Barbara's husband too is very annoyed however, is holding back Barbara. This shows how she is much more concerned about her daughter, but her husband is taking it quite lightly. As well as Karen, she is shown as supporting her fiance and trying to back Barbara off. This gives a sense as if Barbara, is the negative character here and that everyone is against her. Again empowering the similarity between Violet and Barbara.

Scene Kinship

Mattie Fae, tells Barbara about why Ivy and Little Charles can not be together because they are brothers and sisters. This left Barbara very shocked and annoyed about hiding such a big truth from everyone. However, her aunt forbids her from telling anyone and so she keeps this secret away from others.

Scene Reunion

After returning from the doctors and when Violet attempted to run away, Barbara and Violet become calmer and call it a truce.

While Violet was sleeping, the three sisters were outside having a conversation about Ivy and Charles' relationship. they were discussing about if they would move out and if so, who will look after their mother. This shows their concern and worry for their mother as they do not wish to leave her on her own, especially after their father's death. However, none of them agree to stay with the mother but want to part ways and live their lives.

Violet is speaking about her childhood to her three daughters, gets emotional but is still quite "drowsy" due to the drugs. Barbara, Ivy and Karen understand why the mother is how she is due to her difficult upbringing. Violet's mother was quite mean and harsh towards her, did not allow her to do or get what she wanted, therefore she has potentially become like that. This either shows a sign of depression or just over possessiveness/care for her daughters.

Scene Pills

Barbara attacks Violet due to her attitude when having dinner, the opened secret of Barbara and her husband's separation and also her random comments being offensive towards Barbara. The pills issue erupts and allows Barbara to take some physical action in order to let her anger out. This is quite shocking for the rest of the family, yet still surprised for the fact of Violet taking pills.

Barbara yells at Violet, saying that she is in charge now if Violet has not figured it out yet therefore, everything will go according to how she wants regardless of pleasing others in her decisions. Violet is shown as being quite weak and "defeated" as she being the mother of the household, has been exploited by her own daughter.

While Violet is resting, the three daughters are shown together, looking at their mother, this shows a sign of affection towards their mother. Even though they may shout or be aggressive towards their mother, they still care about her health.

Barbara is speaking with the doctor who has provided Violet with those pills, the doctor seems quite careless, making Barbara feel further annoyed, enabling her to become aggressive by throwing the pills to the doctor. This too shows how she is worried about her mother's health and that the doctor is neglecting her health and showing no signs of concern.

After visiting the doctor, while driving back, Violet says that she feels sick and to stop the car, this allows her into attempting to run away as she feels that she is a burden for everyone else. Barbara runs after her asking what she is doing, showing signs of concern and agitate. This shows how despite everything she will be with her and that their relationship of a mother and daughter is still there.

Scene Truth

Violet is shown as being quite drowsy and unstable, the dinner is just after the funeral however, Violet shows no signs of sadness but in fact is loud and insane-like. Yet she gives sly comments to anyone else who is being loud or discussing any random topics around the table.

When Violet starts speaking, she is always negative and attempts to offend someone within a conversation. Signs of boredom is shown by other family members as well as frustration and annoyance. This shows how she is always like that, therefore not a shock for the family members, yet quite surprised for the reason that she is still behaving like that after her husband's death.

Scene Grace

Scene Delay

Barbara's daughter and Karen's fiance are shown waiting outside the shops, while doing so Karen's fiance asks Barbara's daughter if she smokes, she got worried and scared for the fact that how does he know, if she does.

Violet, Mattie Fae and Ivy are looking through old photos of when they were younger, this made Violet bring out the same idea of women getting "uglier" when they get older.

While Barbara and her husband are setting up the table by getting the chairs from the back garden, they start to discuss about their relationship. 

Scene Boat

The police gives the news to Violet about Beverly, she is shown in a state of shock 

Scene Heat

Once Mattie Fae and her husband arrive to her sister's house, she is shown as panicking and rushing to go see her sister as she knows she must be going through a very tough time. Whereas, her husband seems quite careless and walks in a different direction, this shows how he is not concerned about Violet but maybe how the rest of the family are.

Scene Bargain

Violet enters her husband's study, turns to her cook and says "You're very pretty,"she then asks, in a tone of thinly veiled desperation, "Do you think I'm pretty?", the cook replies "Yes, Violet is pretty." When Violet asks the cook that question, it is not a matter of complimenting her but a test of cooperation and exchanging. 

August Osage County 2013 - Film

Cast:

Meryl Streep as Violet Weston (mother - Beverly's wife)

A character who is very sealed and lives within herself, she is suffering from oral cancer however continues to smoke and is addicted to narcotics which have been provided by her doctor. She goes through a mixture of emotions quite rapidly by being quite angry and aggressive to being weak and having a soft tone. She is constantly seeking ways to soothe herself, either through self medicating or through emotional support of others. This instability that she endures can be terrifying for her as well as for others around her.

Julia Roberts as Barbara Weston-Fordham (oldest daughter)

Ewan McGregor as Bill Fordham (Barbara's husband - son-in-law)

Chris Cooper as Charles Aiken (uncle - Mattie Fae's husband)

Abigail Breslin as Jean Fordham (Barbara's daughter - grand daughter)

Benedict Cumberbatch as Charles "Little Charlie" Aiken (cousin/half brother - nephew)

Juliette Lewis as Karen Weston (youngest daughter)

Margo Martindale as Mattie Fae Aiken (aunt - Violet's sister)

Dermot Mulroney as Steve Huberbrecht ( Karen's fiance)

Julianne Nicholson as Ivy Weston (middle daughter)

Sam Shepard as Beverly Weston (father - Violet's husband)

Played the role of an alcoholic, once-noted poet.

Who is shown only in the first scene at the beginning, is quite old and weak looking, he is shown sat on a chair and facing towards one direction, while his wife is amusing herself and talking with the cook, he pays no attention but rather seems quite tired.

Misty Upham as Johnna Monevata (cook/caregiver)
Played the role of a young native American woman who was a live-in cook and caregiver for Violet.

Media and Collective Identity - practice essay 2

Analyse the ways in which the media represent one group of people that you have studied (50)

Media represents a lot about the general societies views about certain things, majority of the representations are based on stereotypes which may not always be true. As Gauntlett would say "Identity is complicated, everyone thinks they have one". This shows how not everyone has an identity but due to society giving a label to a specific 'group', enables them to be represented as that label.

In the TV drama series 'Dr Foster', representations of women have been shown quite broadly as there are quite a few number of females playing a role. Gemma who is a doctor and is at the top level of her profession, is hows as not being 'stable' enough to take on this role. Although, it shows that women can be professional, it later goes back to the stereotype of women letting their emotions take over.

Seeing a blond piece of hair on her husband's coat, had completely changed Gemma's life. This shows how females are very 'possessive' over their husband and are very insecure as she starts to suspect every 'blond' haired female who is in contact with Simon, her husband. As an audience, we would feel that she is going a bit 'over the top' and almost 'psycho-like' due to many incidents she does in order to get the truth out.

She starts to take advantage of being a doctor, by using her work colleagues for her own personal issues. Threatening others and getting suspended from work, to choosing whom she wants to see as a doctor. Showing signs of depression and having patients asking her is she is ok. All these situations show how Gemma is not 'fit' for a doctor as she is not capable enough to keep her professional and personal life separate.

Another character within the drama, Carly works in a bar, this job may have been given by her boyfriend. This is because she is restricted with her break hours as it is shown when she meets Gemma outside the pub. This shows how she is not able to become a professional or have a career. But works in order to survive such as for food and house.

Linking this representation to TV adverts, there are a wide range of adverts promoting chocolate. However, chocolate is not just being promoted but the idea of women as well. Women tend to be in these adverts such as the 'Lindor Lindt Chocolate' adverts in 2013 and 2015 as well as the recent 'Galaxy' advert. Women are portrayed as eating the chocolate seductively and wearing clothing that are quite revealing.

This gives the idea how female are not 'intelligent' enough to have a career but to be satisfied with 'chocolate' as their expressions clearly show that is all they care about. Their appearance as well is taken very seriously as they need to represent their beauty. This gives an immediate idea to what is being represented as well as the chocolates. Having the make-up focused on one area very intensely such as having dramatic eye make-up or bright red lipstick gives full attention to those areas from the audience.

'Identity is not given, but is constructed and negotiated' by Gauntlett, this shows how not everyone is born with an identity. But you make it yourself as you grow by what you achieve, show or do. Therefore, linking this to how females are represented in the media is saying how those women want to show themselves as begin either very intelligent, emotional from Dr Foster or quite 'ditzy' and sexual from TV adverts.

Another representation of women within TV adverts are as housewives. Showing cleaning products or kitchen appliances. Majority of the adverts such as hoover or bleach/cleaning products for the bathroom are shown by women. This gives the idea how they are not really intelligent enough to earn, but need to keep the house clean in order to satisfy their husbands...

Media and Collective Identity - practice essay 1

Analyse the ways in which the media represent one group of people that you have studied (50)

The media shows many representations of society and people, studying how women are represented in the media is a very broad group as they are represented in many different ways within different areas of the media.

In the TV series of Dr Foster, there are many female characters who show different personalities, However, do have some link and similarities which majority of the society agree with or seen as stereotype.

Gemma who is a doctor within the drama, is the top of her workplace. This shows how women can be seen as professionals as they too can have a career and earn a large amount of profit. Being the head at her workplace, gives her immediate respect regardless of who or how she is.

However, once a huge tragedy occurs within her personal life, it starts to overpower her professional life. This shows how she cannot keep the two separate, shows signs of not being 'stable enough'.

She also takes the advantage of being a doctor by using her colleagues for her personal problems and also gives 'tasks' that are not legally right, especially being in the profession they are. She also threatens others, by saying how she is a doctor, this results in her getting suspended from her job.

This shows how women cannot be reliable or be able to handle a big profession as they let their emotions and stress take over everything else in their life. Showing signs of depression at work, choosing which patient she wants to see, making phone calls on patient's phone. All of these acts Gemma has done as a doctor are very negative and shows how she in not stable enough as a professional.

One the other hand, looking at how women are represented on adverts, are very different to how women are represented on Dr Foster. This is because they are represented in two ways either as 'housewives' or as 'sex objects'.

Being represented as housewife means advertising cleaning products, kitchen appliances or make-up. This shows how this is as much women have knowledge of in their mind. But women represented as 'sex objects', the use of revealing clothes and dramatic make-up gives an immediate idea of what is being represented.

This shows how they should not have a career or a job but to only bother about their appearance. This can either be done by posing in front of a camera or to sit home and wait for their husbands to arrive from work, in order to show how beautiful they are.

Linking this to a quote by Gauntlett "Identities are not given, but are constructed and negotiated". This shows how you are not born with a given identity but you make it as you grow and by what you achieve, show or do. Although, society will always have stereotypes and give a 'label' to women, does not mean it can be changed. As this quote shows how you make your own identity.

Therefore, women who are taking part in these adverts show how they are careless of if they are being portrayed in a negative way, as long as their beauty is shown. This gives an idea to society that...

WWW:
You are beginning to explore different representation issues.

EBI:
How can you compare specific scenes from specific adverts?

Plan for essay

Introduction: 
This should show your examiner you know about the issue that there is no such thing as ‘collective identity’. You should be able to include a couple of theorists who have argued this: Gauntlett/Buckingham. You should clearly engage in the debate of construction of identity.

You should also outline your collective identity group and the two/three texts that you have used. Remember to include details e.g. Dr Foster director, date, producer etc.

Issues:
1. Can women be seen as professionals?
- Dr Foster:
Gemma - is at the top of her profession as a Doctor, however there has been times where she links her personal and professional life together. She also uses her colleagues for personal problems, she takes advantage of being a doctor by threatening others and by doing so she gets suspended from her work. She also shows signs of depression at work and patients question her if she is alright, choosing who she wants to see also shows how she is not taking the role seriously, makes call on patient's phone which is not legally right.
Kate - works in an internship but not much is shown when she is working, by getting pregnant, sign of maybe to leave job.
Carly - working in a pub, her boyfriend and other male workers do not treat her well, is not a profession but has to in order to "survive"-food, house etc.
- Adverts:
Women shown as "housewives" - as they advertise cleaning products, kitchen appliances or make-up. This shows how they need to only care about their appearance and how to keep their homes looking good and satisfy their husbands.
Women shown as "sex objects" - use of revealing clothes, gives immediate idea of what is being represented, use of make-up either focused dramatically on one area such as having bright red lipstick or dark eye make-up allows the audience to focus on. This shows how they should not have any profession but to pose in front of a camera, showing their "beauty".
- Theorists:
"Identities are not given, but are constructed and negotiated" Gauntlet
"Identities are not simple and straightforward" Buckingham

2. Are women all portrayed to be morally responsible?
- Dr Foster:
Gemma - is in control of her life, has responsibility for her child, has to make food/bed/collect from school, has to fulfill these responsibilities of a mother as well as of her own by attending work in order to cover finances-responsible for household income and also to satisfy husband.
Carly - at first no as she has some fear of putting out her opinions, choices, decisions however seeing Gemma, gives her some motivation to take some responsibility and put forward her voice. Also by getting her boyfriend back into the house, shows how she is responsible as she is in control by deciding if he should stay or not.
Kate - is very young, influenced by what the male says, does. Not in responsible of the relationship as she gets pregnant, shocked to hear news-not planned.
- Adverts:
Women shown as "housewives" - shows they are in responsible of the house as they are spending most time if not all time there and so have the house to their perspective. But are not in charge of working outside and earning a profit as that job is left to heir husbands. Also are in responsible for their children as their only role is a mother.
Women shown as "sex objects" - shows how they are not responsible of their lives at all, even down to their appearances-it has to be "adjusted" to how males like such as revealing clothes, make-up to attract and hairstyle done in a way to look elegant.
- Theorists:
"Identities are complicated, everyone thinks they have one" Gauntlet
"The medium is the message" McLuchan

3. Manipulative seeking revenge?
- Dr Foster:
Gemma - emotions takes over thinking, stress and depression are the result of seeking revenge and she can go to an limit to complete her revenge-use of female sexuality.
Carly - was not planning to take revenge on boyfriend, but Gemma influences her by saying not to let him take advantage and "win" but to make him suffer as well. However, Gemma takes responsibility in avenging against Carly's boyfriend.
Kate - was not planning to take revenge on Gemma, but once her truth has been out in front of her family, makes her want some revenge by hitting Gemma. Shows some action of revenge, also wants to accomplish in taking away Simon from Gemma even more by mentioning about the baby.
- Adverts:
Women shown as "housewives" -  have no sign of wanting to seek revenge, as it shows them carrying out their role very happily and that they are not "forced" but it is their choice, shows sign of not being "intelligent" but to do things in order to please their husband.
Women shown as "sex objects" - 
- Theorists:
"Stereotypes are not always negative" Perkins

4. Weak, subordinate to men?
- Dr Foster:
Gemma - throughout, shows how she is weak by letting the affair affect her life completely, stress and depression is shown on her face whereas her husband shows no sign of fear at the front of her. However, she is very strong by keeping the affair within her for so long and to seek revenge and not just break out and go away with her son and let the male win. At the end it shows how much stronger she is as she is successful in accomplishing her revenge, she also makes her husband feel guilty and is also financially stronger than her husband.
Carly - very weak and is subordinate to men, lets her boyfriend do whatever he wants, even down to physically abusing her-shows how weak she is. Having Gemma help her and to talk to him, shows how she needs support and is not capable of doing it alone. But later on, when she has forgiven him and brings him back into the house, shows how she has become stronger and is in control-but could be questioned that this strength and motivation has been given by Gemma.
Kate - weak to men as she is not in charge of the relationship as she is much younger to Simon, therefore allows him to take decisions. But by seeing that the "plan" is not going accordingly to her, she puts in her opinion and say by wanting to keep the baby and to leave Gemma as soon as possible.
- Adverts:
Women shown as "housewives" - 
Women shown as "sex objects" - 
- Theorists:
"Dominant ideology, serves the interest of the ruling class" Marx

Conclusion: 

Revisit your issues. Reaffirm the debate that there is no such thing as a collective identity for your group. Try to revisit your theorists you used in your introduction. Do not include any new examples. Have a balance of including examples used - TV drama, magazines or adverts.

Structuring an essay for section B - checklist

1. Make sure I include detailed analysis of particular scenes/characters/props 
2. Make sure that my examples are specific, but that I use them for analysis rather than just describe the whole TV drama series/film 
3. Make sure that I include relevant theorists’ ideas and short quotations 
4. Use media terminology throughout my essay 
5. Make sure that I consistently focus on how my group are represented 
6. Make sure I open my essay discussing collective identity and open a debate about this 
7. Make sure that I show the examiner I know identity is a construction in my writing 
8. Make sure I structure my essay through the issues of representation
9. Make sure I discuss both my mediums and ensure that details about my texts are clear

Example essay for section B

For A2 I have studied the representation of women in both contemporary and historical media. As David Buckingham noted in 2008, “identity is fluid and changeable” – and arguably the identity of women in recent times has changed, some may argue it has become more mediated.

Identity itself refers to who we actually are, the construction of ourselves – perhaps even the representation of ourselves and our social groups that we as media consumers wish to have. While many such as Buckingham and Gauntlett champion the fact we create and construct our own identities; others such as Theordore Adorno see identity as something pushed upon us by the mass media, that we have no alternative but to take the dominant identities we are exposed to “something is offered for all so that none may escape,” he writes in explanation of this fact. Adorno therefore argues that our identities are becoming increasingly mediated – that is, that they influenced by the mass media, inherent identifies are weak and influenced by the media around us

Good points:

• Immediately uses a theorist
• Used a quotation from a theorist
• Use of media specific terminology
• Gets to the point
• Very clearly outlines the collective group
• Debate is introduced
• Clear understanding that the representation is constructed
• Comparison of theorists ideas

‘Nuts’ magazine is a stereotypical ‘lad’s mag’, aimed at 18-24 year old males. In an analysis of the 19-25th March 2010 issue I performed the content proves interesting with regards to representation of women. Images of semi-naked females in suggestive poses represent women as victims of symbiotic annihilation. They are portrayed as merely objects of sexual pleasure for men – the images have been constructed, Laura Mulvey would argue with her theory of the Male Gaze, solely with the male consumers in mind, who using the Uses and Gratifications Model are consuming the text for sexual pleasure. Most significant here, however, is the so-called Mirror Effect of Mulvey’s Male Gaze.

This states that women themselves consuming the images will apply the Male Gaze, and see the female in the image in a sense of what Baudrillard would call hyper-reality, assuming the idea that this representation is ‘how women should be’ and in turn they should construct their identities similarly in order to appeal to males – after all women are the sub-dominant group in an apparent patriarchal society. Identity therefore has become mediated in this situation as Adorno says. The “culture industry” that is the mass media has imposed a dominant representation onto a collective group; who have felt pressured to adapt it as part of their collective identity. 

Good points:

• Use of specific examples
• Detailed analysis of examples, but its not overly descriptive
• Saying something about the examples, outlining the issues
• Consistent use of media theory woven into examples
• Consistent discussion about how representation effects the viewer/reader

Bad points:

• Slightly lacking in examples - more detailed

In the 2001 film “Lara Croft: Tomb Raider”, Lara Croft, the main female character is represented as fairly masculine (stereotypically masculine) in terms of her choice of clothing, body language and manner. All of these micro-elements construct her identity. However, throughout the film, we also see Croft use what can be considered the concept of femininity to her advantage, flirting with male characters and wearing stereotypically feminine clothes towards the final scenes.

In terms of her character’s identity this supports Buckingham’s aforementioned assumption that “identity is fluid and changeable” but also conforms to Queer Theory. Queer Theory is widely recognized in Judith Butler’s 1990 book ‘Gender Trouble’ and states that the genders male and female are just as much the product of representation as the concepts of masculinity and femininity. She calls for a blurring of boundaries between genders and their stereotypical identities and calls for the media to celebrate such diversity. As a character, Croft arguably has blurred the boundaries displaying traits of both male and female behaviour. 

Good points:

• Moved onto the 2nd text
• Moved onto another issue
• Keeps going back to theory
• Clear understanding of theory

Bad points:

• Specific details
• Too many theories

If Adorno’s assertions are applied here it can be argued that again the dominant identity of women as sly, untrustworthy and in need of patriarchal dominance is being applied through Croft’s deviant use of fronting identity to her advantage.

However some could argue that the prominence of Queer Theory does not encourage the mediation of female identity instead it encourages dominant representations to be characterized and boundaries to be blurred – implying greater personal control over identity as advocated by John Fiske and David Buckingham rather than mediated identities.

Cosmopolitan is a magazine aimed at females around 30+. In all ways it can be said that pragmatically the magazine pushes femininity as an identity for itself, with stereotypically female colours and text styles. In turn, the feminine identity of the magazine is applied as a representation of the readers, further suggesting a mediation of women’s identity. The magazine focuses heavily on beauty and fitness, reinforcing the dominant ideology of the “ideal” women that women should aspire to a fixed concept of beauty

Good points:

• Another representational issue
• Goes back to the argument about how identity is constructed
• Moves onto another issue (beauty/body/image)

Bad points:

• Difference in the mediums (e.g. watching a film and reading a magazine, does one have more impact than the other?)

As an example in the April 2010 issue a large image of Holly Willoughby (celebrity) features on the cover. Although unlike Nuts magazine, she is wearing fairly covering clothing and lacks cosmetic make-up, it is interesting to note that her clothing is white in colour – Ferdinand de Saussure would note that this has semiotic significance using his semiotic theory and Roland Barthe’s levels of signification, we can identify that white has connotations of innocence and weakness. Therefore this represents her as innocent and weak – reinforcing dominant patriarchal representations of women. Due to her status as a celebrity, her level of influence is great. In herself she is a semiotic symbol of success and affluence, so those who take inspiration from her will take this constructed innocence and weakness and apply it to their own identities. This is a clear example of the mediation of identity. It suggests a passive audience, influenced by the mass media as Adorno and other quasi-Marxists would suggest.

Good points:

• Use of example/textual evidence
• Tie in the theorists ideas with analysis
• Impact of the representation
• Theory of audience

Bad points:

• Limit theorists - do not just name check
• Much better if had gone back to the Butler quote

It can be seen therefore, that as post modernists say, we live in a media saturated society. We are surrounded by signs which cannot be ignored. Women in the media are often represented as varying, whether it be as sexual objects for the pleasure of males; or as innocent, as ‘stay at home’ housewives as suggested in 2008’s film Hancock. Here, despite possessing stereotypically male strength and ‘superpowers’, the lead female aspires to be a housewife – reinforcing the sub-dominant representation of women. Either way however women are often the victims of mediation. The theories of consumption and construction of identity from theorists such as Adorno and Mulvey clearly show that despite the specific representations, one common identity is ‘forced’ upon women in the media – a sub-dominant social group living in a patriarchal society. Identity is constructed using this as a basis; and even media texts which challenge this representation and encourage Queer Theory diversity are still arguably mediating identity with their influence. Identity is fluid and changeable and can be individually constructed as Gauntlett and Buckingham state. But arguably, the mass media are, and have, mediated the identity of women in contemporary society. 

Good points:

• Good cycle of essay, by going back to the introduction
• Conclusion goes back to the issues of representation

Bad points:

• Not much put about Hancock film

Past Paper Questions

Jan 2010

Media and Collective Identity

6 Analyse the ways in which the media represent one group of people that you have studied. [50]

7 ”The media do not construct collective identity; they merely reflect it”. Discuss. [50]

June 2010

Media and Collective Identity

6 Discuss how the identity of one group of people you have studied has been ‘mediated’. [50]

7 “Media representations are complex, not simple and straightforward”. How far do you agree with this statement in relation to the collective group that you have studied? [50]

Jan 2011

Media and Collective Identity

6 Analyse the ways in which the media represent groups of people. [50]

7 What is collective identity and how is it mediated? [50]

June 2011

Media and Collective Identity

6 Discuss how one or more groups of people are represented through the media. [50]

7 Explain the role played by the media in the construction of collective identity. [50]

Jan 2012

Media and Collective Identity

6. How do media representations influence collective identity? You may refer to one group of people or more in your answer. [50]

7. Discuss the different ways in which groups of people are represented by media. You may refer to one group of people or more in your answer. [50]

June 2012

Media and Collective Identity

6. Analyse the ways in which at least one group of people is ‘mediated’. [50]

7. Discuss the social implications of media in relation to collective identity. You may refer to one group of people or more in your answer. [50]